Risk Factors

Gallbladder cancer is a rare but aggressive form of cancer that can be influenced by several risk factors. These factors include both genetic predispositions and environmental triggers, which may contribute to the development of the disease. Understanding these risk factors is crucial for early detection and prevention, as gallbladder cancer often presents with vague symptoms and is typically diagnosed at later stages (Pérez-Moreno et al., 2022, p. 234).

• Gallstones (Cholelithiasis): A history of gallstones is the most significant risk factor, as they can cause chronic inflammation of the gallbladder, increasing the likelihood of cancer development.
• Age: Gallbladder cancer is more common in individuals over 60 years of age.
• Gender: Women are more likely to develop gallbladder cancer than men, possibly due to hormonal factors.
• The presence of Helicobacter species, such as Helicobacter bilis and Helicobacter pullorum: has also been demonstrated in bile samples and gallbladder tissues from patients with chronic cholecystitis
• Chronic Gallbladder Inflammation: Conditions like chronic cholecystitis or infection from bile duct parasites (such as Clonorchis sinensis) can raise the risk.
• Obesity: Being overweight or obese is associated with a higher risk of gallbladder cancer.
• Family History: A family history of gallbladder cancer or other gastrointestinal cancers may increase the risk.
• Diet: A diet high in fat and low in fibre may contribute to an increased risk of developing gallbladder cancer.
• Exposure to Industrial Chemicals: Long-term exposure to certain chemicals, such as those in the textile and rubber industries, may increase the risk of gallbladder cancer (Roa et al., 2006, p. 624).